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Truck Steering System: Core Guarantee for Control
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Update time : 2025-07-11 11:20:15
The steering system is the core of precise control of a truck, determining the flexibility, stability and safety of driving, ensuring that the driver can accurately control the direction and adapt to various road conditions.
I. Basic Structure of the Steering System
(I) Steering Control Mechanism
It consists of a steering wheel, steering column and connecting parts. The steering wheel is convenient for the driver to apply force, and the steering column transmits the rotation to the steering gear. Some high-end trucks can adjust the steering assist force to improve the driving experience.
(II) Steering Gear
It is the core of the steering system, converting the rotational movement of the steering wheel into the deflection angle of the wheels. There are mainly recirculating ball type and rack-and-pinion type.
- Recirculating ball type: It has two-stage transmission pairs, using steel balls to reduce friction, with high transmission efficiency and long service life, adapting to the heavy load characteristics of trucks. However, it is slightly less sensitive, and the hydraulic assist can alleviate the "steering wheel kickback" phenomenon.
- Rack-and-pinion type: It has a simple structure, high sensitivity and low cost, and is commonly used in passenger cars. However, due to the high requirements for reliability and load-bearing capacity of trucks, the recirculating ball type is more popular.
(III) Steering Transmission Mechanism
Connecting the steering gear and the wheels, it is composed of steering arm, straight pull rod, knuckle arm, trapezoidal arm, tie rod, etc. It converts the output of the steering gear into wheel deflection. Large trucks often use a segmented structure to improve reliability.
II. Power Assist System: Key to Improving Control Performance
(I) Mechanical Hydraulic Power Assist System
Traditional and widely used, it is composed of hydraulic pump, oil pipe, etc., converting engine power into hydraulic pressure to assist steering. It has a mature structure but high energy consumption.
(II) Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering System
On the basis of mechanical hydraulic system, it uses an electric motor to drive the oil pump and is equipped with an ECU, which can adjust the assist according to vehicle speed, improving efficiency and reducing energy consumption.
(III) Electric Power Steering System (EPS)
More advanced, without hydraulic components, it uses an assist motor to assist steering, with fast response, accurate assist, low energy consumption, and is easy to integrate with electronic systems, having a broad application prospect in the future.
III. Special Steering Technologies
(I) Rear Wheel Steering Technology
It solves the problem of maneuvering medium and heavy trucks in narrow spaces, including rear wheel steering of tractor-trailers (follow-up, manual control) and rear wheel follow-up steering of integral vehicles. It can reduce tire wear and improve flexibility, and is currently mostly used in special vehicles.
(II) Intelligent Auxiliary Steering Technology
With the help of sensors, it realizes functions such as lane keeping and automatic parking, improving driving safety and convenience, and has great potential for integration with autonomous driving technology.
IV. Maintenance Points of the Steering System
- Regularly check the steering fluid level and quality of the hydraulic power assist system, and add or replace it in time.
- Check the connection of various components, tighten loose bolts, and replace damaged dust covers and deformed pull rods.
- Pay attention to the state of the power assist system, be alert to abnormal noise, changes in steering force and fault lights, and carry out maintenance in time.
V. Future Outlook
Electrification and intelligence are the trends. EPS will become the mainstream. Intelligent auxiliary technologies will integrate with autonomous driving. Components will develop towards lightweight and high strength, and there will be more personalized adjustment functions, improving the safety and efficiency of truck transportation.
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